Financial & profitability metrics

COGS (Cost of Goods Sold): Direct costs to produce or buy what you sold — materials, supplier price, inbound freight to stock. Core to margin.
Landed cost: Purchase price plus shipping, duties, taxes, and fees to put stock in your hands. Feeds margin and pricing.
Profit and Loss (P&L): Revenue, expenses, and net profit for a period — the operating snapshot.
Cash flow: Cash in and out. Liquidity for suppliers, inventory buys, and operating spend.
Unit economics: Profit per unit after variable costs (COGS, fees, fulfillment). Scalability signal for a SKU.
Margin analysis: Profit after costs — by product, channel, or tactic.
SKU profitability: Profit for one SKU after COGS, fees, fulfillment, and direct costs.
Profitability analysis: Profit view across products, channels, or periods to find drag and lift.
Contribution margin: Revenue minus variable costs; what is left toward fixed costs and net profit.
Break-even point: Sales level where revenue equals total cost — no profit, no loss.
Goods in transit (journal entry): The accounting treatment for inventory that has shipped but not yet been received. Under FOB shipping point the buyer records inventory and a corresponding payable on shipment date; under FOB destination the seller keeps the inventory until delivery. The classic entry on the buyer’s side is a debit to Inventory in Transit (or a Transit Account) and a credit to Accounts Payable. See ecommerce accounting on NeonPanel.

Inventory management

Inventory management: Track, control, and replenish stock to balance service level and carrying cost.
Inventory tracking: Follow units through buy, store, sell, and return with timely system updates.
Inventory valuation: Balance-sheet value of stock using FIFO, average, or other policy — affects reporting and tax.
Stockout: No available units to sell — lost revenue and weaker listing signals on marketplaces.
Overstock: Stock above demand — ties cash and storage; often cleared with discounts.
FIFO (First In, First Out): Oldest units costed out first; matches many physical flows and cost tracking needs.
Inventory turnover: How often you sell through and replace inventory in a period — demand alignment signal.
Safety stock: Buffer stock for demand swings and late inbound.
Transit warehouse: Inbound staging (consolidate, repack, short hold) before 3PL/FBA/AWD. A real location keeps valuation aligned with physical stock. See inventory management.
In-transit inventory: Owned stock moving between nodes (supplier→port→warehouse→FBA). Keep it on the balance sheet at landed cost and split from on-hand so ATS stays accurate. See inventory management.

Forecasting: Expected sales from history, trend, and seasonality — feeds buys and cash plans.
Demand planning: Translate demand into target stock and purchase/transfer timing.
Inventory forecasting: SKU-level forward needs from models — tighter replenishment.
Replenishment planning: When and how much to reorder from forecast, lead time, and on-hand.
MOQ vs EOQ: MOQ: supplier's minimum order. EOQ: economic order size from demand, lead time, and carrying cost. Planners reconcile both. See forecasting & replenishment.

Single source of truth: One system of record so teams and tools share the same numbers.
Inventory & accounting integration: Inventory moves post to the GL — COGS and valuation stay aligned.
Marketplace integration: Software link to a marketplace for orders, inventory, and money movement.
Multi-channel sales: Selling many venues from one operational spine for stock and orders.
Data synchronization: Keep connected systems on the same values without manual re-keying.
Financial reconciliation: Match internal books to marketplace and processor activity.
Amazon Marketplace IDs: Stable IDs per regional Amazon site (e.g. US ATVPDKIKX0DER) — used by SP-API integrations to attribute fees, settlements, and inventory. See Amazon to QuickBooks or Amazon to Xero.

KPI dashboard: Live view of revenue, margin, inventory, and cash.
Business performance tracking: Ongoing read on financial and operational KPIs.
Revenue tracking: Income by channel with fees, promos, and returns applied.
Expense tracking: Capture and classify spend to control cost and margin.

Order management: Intake through ship for orders across channels.
Fulfillment: Store, pick, pack, and ship — in-house or 3PL.
Returns & refunds: Process returns, restock or write off, and post refunds to the ledger.